Turbine blade and vane.



Gr. WESTINGHOUSE. TURBINE BLADE AND VANE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 7, 1001.

Patented Mar. 119m 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1' V ITNESSES" mm s ammcu. mnaumwmwsns. wAsmNOYON, o 4:v

G. WESTINGHOUSE. TURBINE BLADE AND VANE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 7. 1901.

Patented Mar 29, 1910.

2 SHEETS-411E111 2.

INVENTOR. h: 6141-.

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/ his ATTORNEY INITEI) g am ornro.

GEORGE WESTINGHOUSE, or Prr'rsBURo, PENNSYLVANIA. I

TURBINE BLADE AND VANE. v

' Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Hwy 297, flgjl th,

Application tiled January 7, 1907. Serial No. 851,181.

'[0 an whom ti may concern:

.lle it known that I, Gnoner: W ESTJNG- horse, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Pittsburg, in the county of Allegheny and State of lrennsylvauia', have made a new and useful Inventionin Turbine Blades and vanes, of which the followiug is a specification.

'lhis invention relates to elastic fluid tur bines and more particularly to the blades and vanes thereot.

An object of this invention has been to provide simple, relatix'ely cheap and efiicient means for securing the blades and vanes to their respective holding elements, such as the rotor and stator-of the turbine. This and other objects 1 attain b vmeans of the eonstrmrtion illustrated in the accompany ing drawings and hauling a partot this ap plieation. T

ln the drawings. Figure l is a fragmentaryview in longitudinal section of a por tion ot' a turbine rotor showing two blades of two amiular rows secured to the rotor in accordance with this invention; fragments ot two \anes secured in two annular rows of stator rant-s are shown alt rnating with the rows of rotor bladesjtig. 2 a view'lookmg toward the outer ends of two turbine blades for use in this invention; Fig. Bis a perspective View of a turbine blade or vane with its binder plug in place as hereinafter deseribml: Fig. -tis a plan View of a blade holding element showing the arrangement of drilled holes; Figs. 5, (.3 and T illustratemodlfieations of my invention; and. Figs. 5 and i are plain views of the holding element shown in Figs. 5 and (3 respectively. 7

In carrying out this ii'n ention, as illustratedin Figs 1. 2, 4-, t; and annular rows of holes of the proper size and depth are drilled into the rotor and stator so that their a xes extend ltltlltlll ot the turbine axis. 5

One hole is drilled for each blade or "ane. i-tt'ter the blade strips, which are substai'i- 1 tially crescent-shaped in cross section have i been cut into the desired lengths one end of each blade or vane is swaged or otherwise 1 det'ormed so that the horns of the crescent are caused to partially encircleand more or.

less firmly grip a metallic binder block or t'tllltlllg plug. The deformed ends of'the blades or vanes are then inserted Within the will expand transversely of the a )plied res walls of the holes.

In Fig, 1 of the drawings the right hand blade 4-, which has the horns-5 of the base portiondeformed to encircle a calking plug (3, has its base end more or less loosely lying within a hole 7 drilled in the rotor to receive the same. As before stated, after the blades or vanes are inserted in the holes drilled for their reception, pressure is applied to the exposed ends of tlie calking plugs, (preferably by means of a calkin tool and hammer) and the plugs are spread transversely of the holes and the blades with their horns are caused to grip the walls ofthe holes, as illustrated in the left hand blade of Fig. l. Slots or depressions #5 are cut or punched in the mounting member at each side of the drilled holes 7, as ind'icated in fig. 4. Thesedepressions receire the portion of the blade edgeswhich have been distorted by swagin the ends of the blades into a cylindrical form and consequently permit the blade to extend farther into the mounting element, thereby mii-limizing the leakage of motive l'luid since almost the entire face of the blade presented to the workingfluid is of the correct contour. 'lhecallting plugs 6, moreover, are of such lengths that after being distorted by the talking pressure they entirely fill the depressions and portions of the drilled holes T notoeeupied by the blades and form a surface which is even with the surface of the mounting element. The depressionsS are so positioned, relativeto each hole-and i to each other, that when the blades and vanes are in place in the drilled holes they are turned to the correct angle for an efti- 'c'ient operation, thereby doing away with the ope 'ation ofgaging, which consists in turning the blades and vanes to the correctangle after; they ha been calked 01' se cured in placer I i it in Figs. 6 and-9 a modification of my inventionis shown, the depressions 8 bein replaced by anannular groove Ogwhicris turnedin the mounting element and which,

; =ment so that only the undistorted ")ortions holes drilled in'the respective holding elements and pressure is apphedto the exposed ends of the calking plugs so that the plugs of the blade are suluected tothe tlllTCtf'tlC tion of the working fluid. p v

In Figs; 5 andjt, modifications of my in too like the depresslons 8, permits the blades 1 a nd vanes to extend 'intothe mourning elerention are shown in which the holes 7 are drilled or punched in a separate mounting st rip or foundation rin" 10, which, after the blades are secured in 1ilacc, is mountedin a slot formed for its receptioi'i in the. working element oi? the turbine and which is secured in place by a calking strip it. "In Fig. 5 the holes 7 do not extend clear through the strip ll) and the blades or vanes, as the case may be, are calked into place by means of the ealking plugs or blocks 6, as described in connection with the other modifications. In Fig. 7 the holes 7 extend entirely through the mounting strip 10 and are tapered to a larger diameter on the inner side or the strip; that is, on the side which contacts with the inner surface of the slot. The ends of the blades or vanes are swaged in the same way as described in connection with the other modifications with the exception that the callting plug 6 is not inclosed within the cylindrical or swag'ed portion of the blade. The calking plugs-(5 utilized. in connection with this modification are conical in shape and are inserted into the larger side of the drilled hole 7 after the swaged ends of the blades have been inserted into the hole from the other side. The blades are then secured in place by driving the eallting piece home, thereby spreading the swaged end of the blade and forcing it into gripping contact with the surface of" the hole. The plug (3 may be distorted'or not as deemed desirable. and clues are secured in place in their respective holding strips 10, the strips are ealked into grooves or slots, formed for their reception in the working elements of the turbine, by means of calklng' strips 11.,

as before described. The ealking plugs or blocks 6 cannot be dislodged after the mounting strips are secured into the slots, since they are locked into place by the inner face of the slot against which they abut.

The depressions S at either side of the drilled holes 7 may be utilized in connection with the separate mounting strips l0, as illustrated in Fig. 8.

It will he understood, of course, that this invention may be practiced with blades that in cross section from the blades shown; that is, the blades may be more nearly crescent shaped than the blades shown, or may be farther from a crescent shape than the blades shown, and so long as the base is dei'm'med to surround a calking plug, either before or after the'blades are finally assembled in their holding elements, the structure will fall within the spirit and scope of this invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and useful is:

'1. In combination in an elastic fluid tu'r-' bine, a blade orvane holding element provided with a plurality of blade recesses, a

After the blades blade or va'ne fn'ovided with a mounting portion formed by swaging one endot the blade or vane to encircle a calking )lug without fracturing the'edges of the b ado or vane and a calking plug encircled b said swa ed end and which is adapted to )6 ex paniled transversely to secure the blade or vane within a recess of said mounting clement;

2. A turbine blade orvane, one end'of which is defori'ned, without fracturing the edges of said blade, so as to gripa ca ting plug, in combination with a calkmg plug.

3. In combination in a turbine, a blade or vane carryingclement provided with'a circumferentially extending groove, a mount ing strip provided with a plurality of holes extending transversely therethrough, blades or vanes'swaged at oneend to form mounting portions, a calking piece for securing each blade into one of said holes by expanding the mounting portion to grip the walls of the holes, and means-for securing said strip into said slot. y a

4. In combination in a turbine, a blade or vane carrying element provided with a circumferentially extending slot, at mountin strip provided with a pluralityof tap'erer holes extending tl'ierethrough, blades or vanes su'ag'ed at one end to enter said holes, separate tapered calking pieces for securing the mounting portions of each blade in one of said holes, and means for securing said mounting strip into said slot.

5. In combination in aturbine, a blade or vane carrying element provided with a slot, a'blade or vane mounting strip located in and extending longitudinally of said slot, a row of holes extending through the middle portion of said strip, and bladesfor vanes, swaged at one end to form mounting portions, which extend into said holes and. are secured therein by ineansofseparate calking pieces. H

(5. A blade mounting strip provided with a tapered blade'mounting hole, a blade or vane swaged at one end to form a mounting portion, and a tapered mounting piece for securing the mounting portion of said blade into said hole. i

7. The combination of a blade carrying element, a mounting strip provided with a plurality of blade or vane mounting holes extending therethrough, blades or vanes swaged at oneend to form,mountiug por tions, which are located within said holes, and separate means for securing each of said blades or vanes to saidmounting strip. 1 y

i 8. In combination in a turbine, a blade or vane carrying elementprovided with a circumferentially extending slot, a blade or vane mounting strip located within. and extending longitudinally of said slot, a row of holes extending through the middle portion of said strip, and'blades or vanes swaged at one end to form mounting portions, which extend into said holes and are expanded transversely to grip the walls of said holes.

9. In combination in a turbine, a'blade or vane carryinr elenlentprovided with a circumterentiall v extending slot, a mounting piece for securing each I holes by expanding trip provided with a plurality'oftapered holes extending the edges of the blades, to form mountingportions, separate tapered calking pieces for securing the mounting blade in one of said holes. and means for securing said mounting strip into said slot.

I1. The combination in a turbine engine at a 'tlilj'lllg element having a groove therein. a t'oundation ring having holes therein, means for holding the ring in the groove, blades having one end engaging with the holes in the ring, and calking blocks also engaging in said holes.

12. in combinationwith a turbine bladecarrying element having a groove therein, a" foundation ring having holes therein of greater width than the thickness of the blades. distortable means located within said holes for securing said blades to said ring.

and means for securing said ring within said groove.

13. In combination with a turbine blade carrying-element provided with a groove, a foundation ring having holes therein of greater Width than the thickness of the portions of each said groove alongside of said therethrough, blades or vanes swaged at one end, without tracturing blades, means located within each hole and the cross-sect1onal area of which isadaptcd to be changed for securing said blades to said ring and a (talking strip for securing said ring within said groove.

14. In combination with a turbine blade carrying element provided with an-undercut groove,v a foundation ring of less Width than said grooveand havin holes therein of'greater widththan the t ickest portion of the blades, distortable means located within said holes for securing said blades to said ring'and a calkin-g strip located in ring for so curing said ring within" said groove.

- 15. In combination with a turbine bladecarrying elementhaving a groove therein, a foundation ring provided. with holes, dis tor-table means located within said holes for securing the blades to said ring and means for securing said ring Within said roove.

-16. In combination with a turbine bladecarrying element provided with a groove, a foundation ring having holes thereln, means located within each hole and the cross-sec 1 tional area of which is adapted to be changed for securing the blades to said ring; and a calking strip for securing said ring within said groove.

17. In combination with'a turbine bladecarrying element provided with an under- .'cut groove, a foundation ring of less width than said groove and having holes therein, dist'ortable means located within said holes for securing the blades to said ring and a calking strip lOCHt'BCliIl said groove along side of said-ringfor securing said ring within said groove.

In testimonywhereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 29th day of De-v cember, 1906. 1

- GEO. WESTENGHOUSE.

Witnesses e i CHARLES W. MCGHEE, R. P. MOINTYRE. 

